Dr. Payel Nandi

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) play a crucial role in shaping their host galaxies, but their interaction with surrounding gas, especially in low-luminosity and dwarf galaxies, is not yet fully understood. AGN drive outflows in multiple forms—ionized, warm molecular, and cold gas—each providing insights into how these outflows are launched and propagate through the galaxy. In this talk, I will discuss how multi-wavelength observations, from UV and X-ray to optical, infrared, and millimetre, allow us to map these outflows and study how they deposit energy and momentum into the interstellar medium. I will also present recent JWST results revealing layered, multiphase outflows even in low-mass AGN, indicating that such structures are not solely dependent on black hole mass. Examining these outflows from the nuclear region to the galactic disk helps us better understand how AGN influence star formation, gas distribution, and overall galaxy evolution.